Egyptian Monuments: Dehenet (Akoris or Tihna el-Gebel)

Dehenet (Akoris or Tihna el-Gebel)

Tihna el Jebel, Site in Ancient Egypt

The area of Tihna el Jebel is the Pharaonic town of Dehenet (the forehead) which became the the Greek town of Acoris. Similar to other areas in this region, Tihna el Jebel became a mix of Pharaonic and Greek cultures The temple here were primarily dedicated to Amun and Suchos (which was the Greek name for the crocodile god Sobek), and is reached by a steeply sloping path that was probably lined with alters, statues and columns. Here we find the name of Nero and other Greek texts, written in ink. On a cliff to the right of the temple is a chapel which combines both Greek and Egyptian styles. The chapel was once used as a Christian church, and a cross can be seen in a niche at the back.

There is a Greek temple to the southwest where Zeus-Helios-Serapis was worshipped and here is also a relief which was meant to protect boatmen passing on the Nile.

Tihna el-Gebel is a little-visited site on the east bank of the Nile to the north of el-Minya. It is perhaps best known for its Old Kingdom rock-cut tombs, the 'Fraser Tombs', but in the Graeco-Roman Period the site was an important town named Akoris.

The Old Kingdom tombs are about 2km away to the east of the town, in the gebel which borders the desert. They include the tomb of Nikaankh, a 'Priest of Hathor' during the reign of Userkaf of Dynasty V.

The town itself was in Pharaonic times known as Dehenet, which is attested from the Old Kingdom, at which time there was a Temple of Hathor here. Another temple, built during the reigns of Rameses II and Merenptah has four chambers cut into the rock and originally had a pronaos or portico with four columns at either side of the entrance. The temple is poorly preserved, but damaged remains of Hathor-headed columns may still be seen in the dark interior. In front of the Temple of Hathor there are wide plain columns still standing and nearby there are Roman and Coptic inscriptions in ink on scattered blocks. A ramp was added during the Roman Period by the Emperor Nero.

Two more small Roman temples have only single chambers with statue niches at the rear. The temples are very high up in the rock above the town site and make this a dramatic site to visit, though a potentially dangerous one with deep shafts which seem to open up everywhere.

The town of Dehenet was enlarged during the Greek and Roman eras and given the name of Akoris. Remains of many high mudbrick structures can still be seen sprawling over the vast mounds which constitutes the domestic site today.

The Graeco-Roman necropolis consists of tombs cut high into the rocks above the area of the temples, around the side of the cliff to the right. These seem to be a mixture of both Egyptian and Greek styles and very elaborately decorated on their façades, some with life-sized reliefs of the tomb-owners. Several corn-mummies (funerary objects connected to Osiris) dating to the Late or Graeco-Roman Periods have been found in burials at Tihna el-Gebel. There is also evidence here that one of the tomb chapels was later re-used as an early Christian hermitage, as it has a cross cut into the statue niche in the rear of the tomb.

Sources:

Egyptian Monuments - Tihna el-Gebel

Egypt Tour - Tihna el Jebel, Ancient Egypt Site

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