• Ancient Egypt
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Historical Egyptian Monuments

This is a List of Ancient Egyptian Sites, throughout all of Egypt and Nubia. Sites are listed by their classical name whenever possible, if not by their modern name, and lastly with their ancient name if no other is available.

Upper Egypt

Abu Simbel - A set of two temples near the border of Egypt with Sudan. It was constructed for the pharaoh Ramesses II who reigned for 67 years during the 13th century BC (19th Dynasty).

Aswan - The ancient city of Swenet, which in antiquity was the frontier town of Ancient Egypt to the south. The town of Aswan in Upper Egypt marked the southern boundary of Ancient Egypt. It is one of the most beautiful places in the country with the town located on the east bank and the desert coming right to the Nile on the west bank.

Kom Ombo - An agricultural town in Egypt famous for the Temple of Kom Ombo. It became a Greek settlement during the Greco-Roman Period. The town's location on the Nile 50 km north of Aswan (Syene) gave it some control over trade routes from Nubia to the Nile Valley.

Edfu - An Egyptian city, located on the west bank of the Nile River between Esna and Aswan, the site of the Ptolemaic Temple of Horus and an ancient settlement, Tell Edfu. About 5 km north of Edfu are remains of ancient pyramids.

Esna - Located about 55 km south of Luxor. The town's Greek name was Latopolis and here fish where thought to embody the goddess Neith, who was sacred to the area. Later, under the Greeks and Romans tmes, it became the capital of the Third Nome of Upper Egypt.

Luxor - A city in Upper (southern) Egypt and the capital of Luxor Governorate, as the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes, Luxor has frequently been characterized as the "world's greatest open air museum", the ruins of the temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor standing within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the Nile River, lie the monuments, temples and tombs on the West Bank Necropolis, which include the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.

Dendera - Located rather isolated on the desert edge (about 60 km north of Luxor), about 2.5 km south-west of the Town, lay what Dendera is known for, the mostly Greco-Roman Temple Complex, Dendera, known in ancient Egyptian as Iunet or Tantere.

Abydos - Considered one of the most important archaeological sites of Ancient Egypt, Abydos was occupied by the rulers of the Predynastic period, whose town, temple, and tombs have been found there.

Middle Egypt

Sohag - The City of Sohag is the capital of the Sohag Governorate and a major Coptic Christian center for Upper Egypt which covers a stretch of the Nile Valley. There is little here other than the White and Red Monasteries just outside town.

Asyut - Around 3100 BC ancient Asyut was the capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt (Lycopolites Nome), seated on the western bank of the Nile.

Mallawi - A town in Egypt, located in the governorate of Minya. Situated in a farm area and produces textiles and handicrafts.

Minya - The capital of Minya Governorate in Egypt, it is the city where the Codex Tchacos was discovered. It is dubbed by the locals as "Bride of Upper Egypt". This represents its strategic location in Middle Egypt as a vital link between the north and the south of Egypt.

Beni Suef - Located about 115 km south of Cairo. The Meidum Pyramid and Fayum Oasis are nearby. It's the city of Herakleopolis, 15 km west (at the modern village of Ihnasya al-Madina), is the capital of Lower and Middle Egypt, ruled by the kings of the 9th and 10th Dynasties.

Lower Egypt

Faiyum - An oasis that separated from the River Nile by a narrow stretch of desert, this fertile basin of land has a large lake, Birket Qarun on its northern side which is fed by the Bahr Yusef, a tributary of the Nile. Sometimes known as "the garden of Egypt".

Memphis - The ancient capital of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 2200 BC and later for shorter periods during the New Kingdom, and an administrative centre throughout ancient Egypt history.

Saqqara - A vast, ancient burial ground in ancient Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis, the Old Kingdom capital and the kings of the 1st Dynasty as well as the 2nd Dynasty. Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world's oldest standing step pyramid, as well as a number of mastabas.

Giza Plateau - Giza's most famous archaeological site, the Giza Plateau,holds some of the most astonishing monuments in Egyptian history. The Giza Plateau is also home to many other Ancient Egyptian monuments, including the tomb of Pharaoh Djet of the 1st Dynasty, as well as that of Pharaoh Ninetjer of the 2nd Dynasty.

Pyramid Fields - All of Egypt's pyramids are sited on the west bank of the Nile, and most are grouped together in a number of pyramid fields. The most important of these are listed as below: Abu Rawash, Abusir, Dahshur, el-Lahun, Giza Pyramid Complex, Hawara, Lisht, Mazghuna, Meidum, Saqqara, Zawyet el-Aryan.

Cairo - Founded in 969 AD as the royal enclosure for the Fatimid caliphs, while the actual economic and administrative capital was in nearby Fustat. It later came under the Mamluks, was ruled by the Ottomans 1517 to 1798, and briefly occupied by Napoleon. Muhammad Ali of Egypt made Cairo the capital of his independent empire from 1805 to 1882, after which the British took control of it until Egypt attained independence in 1922.

Nile Delta - The delta formed in Lower Egypt (Northern Egypt) where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas, from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east, it covers some 240 km of Mediterranean coastline.

Desert Sites

Western Desert - The Western Oases to the Mediterranean coast.

Sinai Peninsula - The Sinai was inhabited by the Monitu and was called Mafkat or Country of Turquoise. From the time of the First dynasty or before, the Egyptians mined turquoise in Sinai at two locations, now called by their Arabic names Wadi Maghareh and Serabit el-Khadim.