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Crop Circle

Crop circles are areas of cereal or similar crops that have been systematically flattened to form various geometric patterns. The phenomenon itself only entered the public imagination in its current form after the notable appearances in England in the late 1970s. People who study crop circle phenomena sometimes humorously call themselves "cerealogists".

In an unrelated phenomenon, fungal circles formed by a spreading mycelium are familiar, though on a much smaller scale. Older, larger fungal circles are not recognized when they have broken into arcs or patches. In Scandinavia and in Britain, the phenomenon of mushrooms or puffballs forming circles in a patch of meadow or pasture was referred to in folklore as älvringar, pixie circles or elf circles, and was attributed by countryfolk to mystical forces. This phenomenon is both commonplace and much smaller in scale, however, and is recognized[1] as the natural growth of fungus colonies.

History of Crop Circles

The phenomenon of crop circles became generally known in the 1970s, after the start of the hoaxes perpetrated by Bower and Chorley. Subsequently crop circle enthusiasts have tried finding examples of the phenomenon before this. Supposedly, the earliest recorded crop circle is depicted in a 17th Century woodcut called the Mowing-Devil. The image depicts a strange creature creating a circular design in a field of corn. The legend suggests that the farmer, disgusted at the wage his mower was demanding for his work, insisted that he would rather have the devil himself perform the task. Proponents of the belief that crop circles are either naturally caused, or are formed by as yet unknown entities, often support their viewpoint with this old tale. It is worth noting, however, that this is little more than a tale, the circular formation supposedly caused by the creature may be coincidental, or may have been caused by any number of natural or human processes.

An apparently more convincing historical report of crop circles was published in the journal Nature in 1880 (reproduced in 2000 [1]). An amateur scientist named Brandon Meland appears to describe a field containing a number of crop circles, along with his suggestion that they might have been caused by "some cyclonic wind action".

Although the pixie circles created by Elves in Scandinavian folklore were most likely caused by fungus colonies, there was also a rarer kind, consisting of circular patches where the grass had been flattened:

• On lake shores, where the forest met the lake, you could find elf circles. They were round places where the grass had been flattened like a floor. Elves had danced there. By Lake Tisaren, I have seen one of those. It could be dangerous and one could become ill if one had trodden over such a place or if one destroyed anything there (an account given in 1926, Hellström 1990:36)

Not long after WWII, the aerial surveys that were being made over large areas of Britain revealed some unexpected phenomena, undetectable from the ground. When the surveys photographed ripening crops or drought-stressed terrain they revealed what were soon termed "crop marks", the differential ripening of the crop that revealed differences in the subsoil. These patterns were found to be caused by the buried remnants of ancient buildings. Archaeological investigations were soon instigated, but, though many previously unsuspected archaeological sites were found, no crop circles were ever recorded. Skeptics argue that this would have pointed to circles as a modern phenomenon, even if the initial pranksters had not revealed themselves; believers reply different agendas may simply be at work in the modern day.

Crop Circles shot into prominence in the late 1970s as many circles began appearing throughout the English countryside. To date, thousands of circles have appeared at sites across the world, from disparate locations such as the former Soviet Union, the UK and Japan, as well as the U.S. and Canada.

Crop Circle Links

Crop Circles
Yes, they are real! An Interview with Colette M. Dowell.

Crop Circle Quest
Crop circle formations in Western Canada that I have personally visited. Photos and reports by Judy Arndt.

Crop Circles: Quest for Truth
A compelling and provocative feature-length documentary full of never-before-seen footage and interviews with leading Crop Circles researchers and scientists, some of whom agreed to be on camera for the first time.

Crop Circle Formations as Chakras By Joseph E. Mason and Dee Finney
This three-part article is an in-depth analysis of crop circle formations as symbolic of the chakras. Dozens of crop circle formations are compared to ancient symbols of the seven chakras.

Crop Circles: Quest for Truth
What is The Meaning of The Crop Circle Phenomenon?

Crop Circles: Fact or Fiction? by Cory Sin
The crop circle phenomena has puzzled and mystified humanity for many years. Many theories as to the cause of these strange occurrences have emerged. Ideas range from Energy fields to Plasma Vortexes to UFOs. For the most part, the answer to this mystery is still hidden within the cosmos.

Crop Circles from Outer Space?
For over twenty years the southern English countryside has been the site of a strange phenomenon that has baffled observers and spawned countless news stories and not a few books. In the middle of the night, flattened circular depressions have appeared in fields of wheat, rye and other cereal crops.

Crop Circles and the Key to the World Order
Articles from The Order about the science, nature, politics and spirituality of an alternative of time consciousness.

Canadian Crop Circle Research Network
Investigating the crop circle phenomenon in the prairies and across the country since 1995.

The Menorah Crop Circle Formation by Joseph E. Mason
The Menorah, the Biblical lampstand with seven lamps, appeared as a crop formation in 1999. This article explains the many connections and meanings. It is related to The Tree Of Life, which also appeared as a crop formation, and to the chakra system.

Crop Circle Research
Crop circles are one of the most profound and mysterious phenomena of the modern age. Are they a communication from extra-terrestrials? Evidence of other dimensions or a catalyst to advancing our way of thinking?

Theories on the Formation of Crop Circles by Brian Hussey
The following outline is a summary of theories and working hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of crop circle formation...

Crop Anomalies near Phoenix by Kathy Doore
According to Jeff Wilson, Director of the Independent Crop Circle Researchers' Association (ICCRA), dozens of 400' to 600' parallel strips were reported laid down in three barley fields near Phoenix, Arizona in the town of Tolleson the week of May 18, 2005, report follows.

World Mysteries: Crop Circles
Crop Circles - formations, usually found in grain crops, where the crop has been mysteriously found laid flat, in patterns, that did not exist in daylight the previous day.

Dragon Paths Crop Circles & the Sacred Triangle by Kathy Doore
The area known as the Sacred Triangle consists of three ancient centers - Avebury, Stonehenge and Glastonbury (home of the world's largest three-dimensional Labyrinth)...

Star Dreams: Crop Circles
A 77 minute documentary which shows the circles themselves for all to see and presents the top crop circle researchers. Investigating the over-all assumption of hoaxing, balls of light, sacred site connection, media and people's reaction to the phenomena, and outlining the basic understandings arrived at so far...

Lucy Pringle's crop circle homepage
You will find details on current research projects, information on crop circle related merchandise available, and a gallery of Lucy's award winning Crop Circle Photographs.

Crop Circles - Their Meaning and Connections to Dreams
In-depth articles about specific crop circle formations and the apparent meaning. Dreams and coincidences and how they relate to ancient symbols from myths and religions, are major factors in the interpretations.

Dutch Crop Circle Archive
It's all about cropcircles; dutch and english...

Crop Circle & Sacred Places Reaearch Tours
Expand your horizons, experience the magic of prehistoric Britian, learn about important history, sacred geometry, sacred places, sacred intention, remote viewing, dowsing, and have fun in a small group with experts all the while!

fUSION Anomaly. Crop Circles
If they are fake, it might be the only true art form left (and possibly the grandest ever conceived and executed).

Crop Circles: The Real Picture
Crop circles are symbolic patterns which have been forming around the globe in crop laden fields for as long as present day history can recall.

On The Brink: A three part overview of Crop Circles by Rodney Michael Carr-Smith
Although many Crop Circles have appeared around the world, 95% of those reported have been focused in a very tight area in Wiltshire, southern England. Beyond the ridiculous implications that they are all perpetrated by humans over the last 25 years...

Crop Circle Theories
Crop circles are unexplained patterns that are found in fields, over tree-tops, and in ice and snow. They are mostly often found in wheat or corn fields, but have also been found in oat, rape (canola), and barley.

Clay-Mineral Crystallization Case Study: 1999 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Crop Formation
To determine through x-ray diffraction examination (XRD) and measurement of the consequent Kubler Index (KI) whether changes in crystalline structure exist in specific clay minerals (illite/smectites) in surface soils inside crop circle...